Ogniwo fotowoltaiczne
cell FotowoltaikaA photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor element that converts radiant energy into electrical energy. Photon absorption in the material generates charge carriers, and an internal electric field enables their separation and the flow of current through an external circuit. A single cell has limited voltage and current, so many cells are connected in series and in parallel in a module. Its parameters depend, among other factors, on the material, junction and contact architecture, passivation, temperature, spectrum and irradiance.
Mono-Si and poly-Si describe the material structure, whereas PERC, TOPCon and HJT describe cell architectures. The name alone does not determine energy yield. Parameters and testing of the complete module should be compared because interconnections, optical losses, construction and manufacturing quality also have an effect.